Tome d’Arles, Tome de Camargue, Gardian
The tome d’Arles is a fresh and creamy sheep milk cheese, which can be obtained with what is called the caillé doux method. This small cheese (8 cm diameter, 6 cm thick and 160 g weight) is one of the most ancient cheeses in southern Provence. Its name, spelt with just one ""m"", makes reference to the Provençal term ""tourmo"", which indicates a fresh cheese. Very fresh and without rind, it is the result of a complex production process, called caillé doux. The raw milk is taken as soon as it is milked (at a temperature of around 32-33°C) -it was once pasteurized to avoid brucellosis or Malta fever – then the rennet is added and the coagulation process takes 60-90 minutes, depending on the room temperature. The obtained curd is cut with a knife into 5 cm cubes, in order to extract the whey before it is put into the round molds. After turning it several times, the tome is removed from the mold after 24 hours. The production of this cheese was relaunched in the 1920’s under the guidance of Monsieur Conduche. Now it is presented with a laurel leaf or a bit of thyme on top, a few grains of pepper and a drizzle of olive oil, as a perfect accompaniment to summer salads. Today, some producers have developed a medium-ripened version with a white mold rind (sold until 20 days after production) and a creamy texture, which better meets current tastes.
When Camargue was invaded by the transhumant herds in spring, the tome d’Arles was produced at the local farms for self-consumption and to feed the workers who worked there. Some people in the outskirts of Arles had small herds of goats and made tome with the same recipe and methods, for their own consumption. A delicacy of Camargue, this tome is often eaten as Jean Lafont did (a famous Camargue cowboy): with a tomato and pepper salad (or other seasonal vegetables) and drizzled with local olive oil. Once preserved in jute cloths, the tome d’Arles was only eaten dry and salted, while today it is mainly eaten fresh, with a slightly ripened creamy texture.
The tome d’Arles made with sheep milk is now difficult to find. For many years, only two producers directly sell it at their farms or at the local markets. This is due to several reasons: the sharp reduction in the production of sheep milk, as sheep are now mainly raised for their meat; the caillé doux technique, which makes cheese more vulnerable to bacteria; a lower yield of cheese than other production; its short shelf-life: in it cannot be sold long after its production and must therefore be made just before its sale.
Back to the archive >A l’époque où la Camargue était envahie par les troupeaux transhumants au printemps, la tome d'Arles était fabriquée dans les mas de Camargue pour l’auto-consommation et afin de nourrir les ouvriers qui travaillaient dans ces fermes. Certains habitants de la périphérie d’Arles avaient de petits troupeaux de chèvres et faisaient de la tome avec la même recette, les mêmes méthodes, pour leur propre consommation. Régal des gens de Camargue, la tome est souvent consommée en entrée à la façon de Jean Lafont (célèbre manadier de Camargue), accompagnée d’une salade de tomates et poivrons ou autre légume de saison et surtout arrosée d’une huile d’olive locale. Autrefois conservée dans des toiles de jute, la tome d'Arles se consommait exclusivement sèche et salée, alors qu'elle se consomme surtout fraîche aujourd'hui ou en pâte onctueuse peu affinée.
La tome d'Arles à base de brebis est difficile à trouver aujourd'hui. Même si cela tend à augmenter, seuls deux producteurs en ont commercialisé en vente directe à la ferme ou sur les marchés pendant plusieurs années. Différentes raisons l'expliquent : la baisse très forte de la production laitière des brebis au profit de l'orientation viande de la filière; la technique de fabrication du caillé doux qui rend le fromage plus vulnérable aux attaques bactériologiques, un rendement fromager moindre que d'autres fabrications, et sa courte conservation : dans sa forme fraîche ou croutée, elle ne permet pas de report de vente et demande à être fabriquée au fil de la commercialisation.


