Tomme au Foin du Pays de Bray
Pays de Bray hay tome is a raw cow’s milk hard curd cheese, made from uncooked pressed paste, requiring twenty litres of milk to make an average weight of 1.6 kg (depending on maturing). This “hay cheese”, as the people of Bray called it, has ancient roots: it appeared in the work of Pouriau: “La laiterie, art de traiter le lait, de fabriquer le beurre et les principaux fromages français et étrangers” (The Dairy, the Art of Processing Milk, Making Butter, and the Major French and Foreign Cheeses), dating from 1888. It was mostly made to process and store the spring milk made in very large quantities, when the cows were put out to pasture, and involved using skimmed milk (after making butter and cream).
Today, it is made with a little skim milk, but mostly whole milk for a more creamy and distinctive cheese. The Toma is ripened in a first cellar for a month, during which it is turned over and rubbed every day. Then, it is wrapped in good hay; some recommend regrowth hay (made from the grass that grows after cutting), to be wrapped in a sheet of paper. This protective and insulating envelope keeps the toma safe from predators and changes in temperature and humidity, elements that are detrimental to quality ripening. The cheese thus sits “quietly” in the cellar below the hustle and bustle for a month and a half to two months. It’s in this “fragrant gift package” that it will develop hay and nut aromas, especially thanks to the Yorkshire fog and sweet vernal grass, grasses that grow in the flora of the region’s pastures. The toma is then placed in a second, drier cellar. While it can be eaten after 2 to 3 weeks, it can be enjoyed at 6 months of age, when it’s dry and “artisanal”.
Hay toma can be enjoyed as an appetiser or at the end of a meal. Grated, it can be used for gratin dishes or soups, and is excellent for shirred eggs. Old toma can be finely grated and used like Parmesan.
The Pays de Bray, a natural region located in the North-West of France, straddling the departments of Seine-Maritime and Oise, features grasslands with clay soils and pastures rich in yield and flora, especially with the Yorkshire fog and sweet vernal grass, with a vanilla and hay aroma. Historically, the Pays de Bray was a major producer of butter, of a quality that surpassed that of Isigny. This production of cream and butter left skim milk that was used to fatten pigs, as well as to make cheese to feed the many labourers in these farms. This local production, in addition to people at the farm, also supplied small markets.
Today, there are only two producers of this toma. The production of hay toma stopped with specialisation and intensification of milk production after the war, around 1950, when farmers no longer made butter, they preferred giving their milk to dairies. In the 1970s, this cheese completely disappeared until the start of the 1990s, when a family decided to relaunch its production based on records. This toma is one of the elements of cheese culture in the Pays de Bray.
Back to the archive >La tomme au foin peut se déguster en apéritif ou en fin de repas. Râpée, elle peut être utilisée pour gratiner des plats ou des soupes, elle est excellente dans les œufs cocottes. La vieille tomme peut être moulue et utilisée comme du parmesan.
Le Pays de Bray, région naturelle située au Nord-ouest de la France à cheval sur les départements de la Seine-Maritime et de l’Oise, se caractérise par ses terres argileuses d’herbages et de pâtures riches en rendement et en flore notamment avec la houlque laineuse et la flouve odorante, au parfum de vanille et de foin. Historiquement, le Pays de Bray était un grand producteur de beurre, dont la qualité devançait celui d'Isigny. Cette production de crème et beurre laissait le lait écrémé que l’on utilisait soit pour engraisser les cochons, soit pour faire du fromage afin de nourrir les ouvriers nombreux dans ces fermes. Cette production locale fournissait, outre les gens de la ferme, de petits marchés.
Il n’y aurait aujourd’hui que deux producteurs de cette tomme. La production de la tome au foin cessa avec la spécialisation et l'intensification de la production de lait après la guerre, autour de 1950, quand les fermières ne faisaient plus de beurre, et que les paysans préféraient donner leur lait aux laiteries. Dans les années 1970, ce fromage avait totalement disparu jusqu’au début des années 1990, où une famille décide d’en relancer la fabrication en se basant sur des témoignages. Cette tomme est l’un des éléments de la culture fromagère en Pays de Bray.